PEAS

Peas are a valuable leguminous crop. In recent years, its fodder value has increased with the use of silage, hay, grass meal, haylage as a concentrated and green fodder. As a concentrated feed for meat animals and dairy cows, ground and crushed grains, pea flour, boiled or steamed peas are used. 100 kg of grain contains 114.8 feed units and 19.5 kg of digestible protein. The main substance that determines the nutritional value of pea grains are proteins, the content of which is 2-3 times higher than that of cereals.

Peas contain all the essential amino acids, and in terms of methionine content it surpasses other leguminous crops, second only to soy. Pea carbohydrates are represented mainly by starch (20-50%) and sugars (4-10%). Green peas and unripe beans are rich in enzymes, vitamins C, B group and carotene. Of the minerals, phosphorus and potassium predominate.

Green mass, containing 18-25% protein, a lot of sugar and calcium and carotene necessary for animals, is used for fresh feeding, as well as for the preparation of protein-vitamin feed and silage. Green mass, silage, hay flour are characterized by a relatively high content of almost all essential amino acids. The highest content of lysine is distinguished by hay flour (5.3%) and silage (4.7%), slightly inferior to green mass (4.3%). Silage contains up to 3.3% methionine, in green mass it is 1.4%, in hay flour 1.5%; tryptophan in silage contains up to 2%, in green mass and hay flour - 1.6% of the total protein.

Pea straw is characterized by high nutritional qualities: 100 kg of it contains 23 feed units and more than 3 kg of digestible protein, a lot of minerals, especially calcium. Chopped and steamed straw is fed to livestock mixed with other crops.

The value of peas as a fodder crop lies in the fact that it not only provides excellent green fodder, but also is characterized by a rapid increase in vegetative mass already in the initial phases of development.

Sowing peas in several terms allows you to organize a green conveyor. The green mass of peas grown in pure crops or mixed with other legumes, cereals, sunflower, is widely used for the preparation of silage, which is characterized by a high protein content (155-210 g per 1 feed unit).

Peas contain substances that inhibit the action of trypsin, therefore, when peas are included in mixed feed for pigs, it must be extruded. When using peas as part of compound feed for ruminants, it is very effective to fry it in high-temperature drying units at an exhaust gas temperature of 100-105 degrees Celsius. In compound feed for pigs extrudate

Peas include up to 25%, while it can be excluded from their composition of feed of animal origin without reducing the productive effect of feed. Roasted peas should be included in feed for ruminants up to 15-20%.

The enterprise carries out processing of peas in accordance with GOST R 54630-2011 "Feed peas.TU"